The mottoes – Usually placed below the coat of arms, mottoes always appear on a scroll and have a very flexible design to match the words.The design represents different royal statuses but can be granted for other reasons such as to reflect a capital city. Crowns are reserved for those with monarchical status whilst coronets can be used for other members of royalty. The coronets - Crowns and coronets sit in the place of the helmet.Today in England, the right to bear supporters is limited to peers, Knights of the Garter and few other groups of people. They were introduced by Edward III before gaining popularity in the 15 th century. The supporters/ attendants - These are objects, animals or people who stand either side of the shield, they are often depicted as holding it up.Sometimes taken from the coat of arms as a representation of the entire design such as an animal or easily recognised item. The crest – The crest sits above the wreath and is often used alone or as a logo or icon for the organisation.Typically, six twists of cloth are displayed. The wreath/ torse - The wreath is a roll of twisted fabric situated on top of the helmet and underneath the base of the crest.

Often continuing the colour themes from the coat of arms and the principal metal of the shield.

The mantling – A two-sided, two coloured cloth that is the drapery tied to the helmet.

The helmet – Sitting above the shield, the type of helmet represents the ranking of the family, or in the case of members of the church, their profession or association.

Each design is unique to the family or organisation who own it and can represent a marriage, history, battles and more. A shield can appear on its own or with the full achievement.

The shield – The most important part of a coat of arms.

A completed coat of arms is called an “Achievement”, it is comprised of eight different components listed below:

Coat of arms ck2